Short forms (Formas cortas)
En inglés, el uso de las formas cortas es muy común, en particular se utilizan en el lenguaje coloquial y en situaciones informales.
Los verbos en el presente que tienen formas cortas son "to be" (ser/estar) y "to have"/"have got" (tener). "To do" (forma auxiliar) tiene una forma corta, pero sólo en el negativo.
- To be
Afirmativo Forma corta Negativo Forma corta I am I'm I am not I'm not You are You're You are not You're not/You aren't He is He's He is not He's not/He isn't She is She's She is not She's not/She isn't It is It's It is not It's not/It isn't We are We're We are not We're not/We aren't They are They're They are not They're not/They aren't - Ejemplos:
- I'm happy. (Estoy contento.)
- You're tall. (Eres alto.)
- She's pretty. (Es guapa.)
- It's 10:00. (Son las 10h.)
- He's not here./He isn't here. (No está aqui.)
- They're not Spanish./They aren't Spanish. (No son españoles.)
- To have/have got
Afirmativo Forma corta Negativo Forma corta I have I've I have not I've not/I haven't You have You've You have not You've not/You haven't He has He's He has not He's not/He hasn't She has She's She has not She's not/She hasn't It has It's It has not It's not/It hasn't We have We've We have not We've not/We haven't They have They've They have not They've not/They haven't - Ejemplos:
- I've got a car.(Tengo un coche.)
- You've got blue eyes. (Tienes ojos azules.)
- He's got big feet. (Tiene pies grandes.)
- It's [the cat] not got a home./It hasn't got a home. (No tiene una casa.)
- They've not got children./They haven't got children. (No tienen niños.)
- Nota: Para "have got" solemos usar la forma corta en el presente en vez de la forma larga. No usamos la forma corta de "to have" para indicar posesión. Veremos ejemplos del uso de la forma corta de "to have" en la lección del presente perfecto.
- Para indicar posesión, no podemos decir:
I've car.He's blue eyes.- To do
Negativo Forma corta I do not I don't You do not You don't He does not He doesn't She does not She doesn't It does not It doesn't We do not We don't They do not They don't - Ejemplos:
- I don't know.(No sé.)
- She doesn't like ice cream. (No le gusta el helado.)
- It doesn't snow here. (No nieva aquí.)
- We don't have children.(No tenemos niños.)
- Además de los pronombres personales, podemos usar formas cortas con pronombres interrogativos y las palabras "here" (aquí), "there" (allí) y "that" (eso).
- Ejemplos:
- Where's the concert? (¿Dónde es el concierto?)
- Who's that? (¿Quién es?)
- How's your father? (¿Cómo está tu padre?)
- Here's the book. (Aquí está el libro.)
- That's mine. (Eso es mío.)
Forma larga | Forma corta |
What is | What's |
Who is | Who's |
When is | When's |
Where is | Where's |
How is | How's |
Here is | Here's |
There is | There's |
That is | That's |
Nota: Existen más formas cortas con otros tiempos verbales. Las veremos en las lecciones correspondientes.
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